Understanding and managing hot spots in dogs

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Hot spots, also known as pyotraumatic or acute moist dermatitis, are more than just a superficial skin issue – they can rapidly escalate into a painful and distressing condition for dogs.

These red, inflamed, and often oozing lesions are typically found on the head, legs, and hips but can develop anywhere on a dog’s body. Left untreated, they can grow alarmingly fast, turning a small irritation into a large, raw wound within hours.

Hot spots often originate from a simple itch. Dogs instinctively scratch, lick, or chew the irritated area, leading to self-trauma. This triggers a destructive “lick-itch-lick” cycle, where the constant licking exacerbates the irritation, causing the lesion to grow larger. Moisture from saliva, combined with the natural bacteria in a dog’s mouth –Staphylococcus intermedius – creates an ideal environment for infection.

While this bacteria is naturally found in dogs and is harmless to humans (so you can enjoy those doggy kisses worry-free!), the combination of saliva and trapped moisture under the fur is what kickstarts the skin infection.

The location of a hot spot often provides valuable clues to its underlying cause. For example, a hot spot over the hip might indicate arthritis, while one near the ear could be linked to a painful ear infection. In fact, approximately 30 per cent of pets with hot spots have another underlying skin condition, such as a deeper infection or a bite wound. Hot spots can arise very quickly –just 10 minutes of chewing can create a significantly large lesion.

The triggers for hot spots are varied and often point to an underlying issue. Allergies (environmental or food-related), flea bites, ear infections, poor grooming, boredom, and orthopaedic issues are common culprits. For instance, matted fur can trap moisture after swimming or rain, fostering bacterial growth. Dogs with arthritis might chew at painful joints, inadvertently creating a hot spot.

Prompt veterinary attention is essential when addressing hot spots to minimise discomfort and prevent further complications. Your veterinarian may discuss:

• Stopping the self-trauma

• Use of an Elizabethan collar to prevent licking and chewing.

• Clipping the fur around the lesion to allow airflow, aiding in drying and healing.

• Cleaning the area with a dilute chlorhexidine solution to disinfect and soothe the skin.

Veterinarians may also prescribe antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or pain relief depending on the severity. Identifying and treating the root cause – whether it’s a flea allergy, food sensitivity, or another issue – is crucial for preventing recurrence. Dogs prone to boredom may need additional exercise and mental stimulation, while those with dense coats might benefit from regular grooming.

Hot spots are a stark reminder of how quickly minor issues can escalate. By staying vigilant, addressing underlying causes, and seeking veterinary care promptly, you can ensure your dog remains happy and healthy.

If you notice signs of a hot spot, call the friendly team at Orchard Hills Veterinary Hospital at (02) 4736 2027 for advice and support.

Kellie Tickner, Orchard Hills Veterinary Hospital

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